Markets / Mutual funds / Index Funds (equity)

Zerodha CASE Nifty LargeMidcap 250 Index Fund - Regular Plan - Growth

NAVs of 8 Nov 2026

Zerodha CASE Mutual Fund · Index & ETFs fund · Regular plan · Growth

Index Funds (equity)Regular · GrowthRisk: Very High

NAV · 6 Nov 2026

₹14.4027 ▲ 0.81%

Zerodha CASE Mutual Fund

Fund size₹1,570 crJuly - September 2026

1-month range₹13.17 – 14.40

1 year+1.52%rank 187 of 376

Expense ratio0.00%regular plan, a year

5 years–a year

What the fund does

The investment objective of the scheme is to invest in stocks comprising the Nifty LargeMidcap 250 Index in the same proportion as in the index to achieve returns equivalent to the Total Return Index of Nifty LargeMidcap 250 Index (subject to tracking error). There can be no assurance or guarantee that the investment objective of the Scheme would be achieved.

BenchmarkNifty LargeMidcap 250 Index Fund

Launched8 Nov 2023

Fund houseZerodha CASE Mutual Fund

Fund managersKedarnath Mirajkar

NAV history

Returns

1 week

+7.00%avg 5.2%

1 month

+5.74%avg 4.6%

3 months

-1.76%avg -1.3%

6 months

+1.12%avg 1.5%

This year

-0.37%avg 0.3%

1 year

+1.52%avg 1.4% · #187/376

Bars: this plan; the thin mark is the Index Funds (equity) average (regular plans, growth option). Over a year: yearly averages (CAGR). Past returns do not guarantee future returns. Information only, not investment advice.

Monthly returns (%)

Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
2024												-0.4
2025	-4.0	-8.4	+7.4	+2.6	+5.3	+3.6	-2.1	-2.5	+1.1	+4.8	+1.6	-0.3
2026	-3.2	+0.9	-11.3	+11.1	+0.9	+1.2	+2.1	+0.5	-6.5	-1.3	+7.0

Each month's change in NAV (the current month to the latest NAV).

What if you had invested?

Amount (₹) Started

Worked out from this plan's actual NAVs. SIP: invested on the first NAV of each month. Taxes and exit loads are not included. Past returns do not guarantee future returns. Information only, not investment advice.

Portfolio as on 30 Nov 2023

Stocks held251252 lines in all

Top 10 stocks24.6%of the fund

Short positions-3.0%sold through derivatives

Net equity100.0%long stocks and derivatives minus shorts

Where the money is

Equity 103.0%Short -3.0%

Sectors (stocks held)

Banks

17.6%

IT - Software

9.1%

Finance

6.9%

Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology

5.6%

Petroleum Products

4.8%

Industrial Products

4.8%

Auto Components

4.0%

Consumer Durables

3.9%

Stocks held 251

Holding	Sector / type	% of fund
HDFC Bank Limited INE040A01034	Banks	5.67%
Reliance Industries Limited INE002A01018	Petroleum Products	3.90%
ICICI Bank Limited INE090A01021	Banks	3.17%
Infosys Limited INE009A01021	IT - Software	2.52%
ITC Limited INE154A01025	Diversified FMCG	1.87%
Larsen & Toubro Limited INE018A01030	Construction	1.82%
Tata Consultancy Services Limited INE467B01029	IT - Software	1.73%
Axis Bank Limited INE238A01034	Banks	1.44%
Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited INE237A01028	Banks	1.25%
Bharti Airtel Limited INE397D01024	Telecom - Services	1.24%
Hindustan Unilever Limited INE030A01027	Diversified FMCG	1.10%
Power Finance Corporation Limited INE134E01011	Finance	1.06%
State Bank of India INE062A01020	Banks	1.05%
Max Healthcare Institute Limited INE027H01010	Healthcare Services	1.03%
REC Limited INE020B01018	Finance	0.94%
Bajaj Finance Limited INE296A01024	Finance	0.92%
The Indian Hotels Company Limited INE053A01029	Leisure Services	0.81%
AU Small Finance Bank Limited INE949L01017	Banks	0.78%
Tube Investments of India Limited INE974X01010	Auto Components	0.77%
Coforge Limited INE591G01017	IT - Software	0.77%
The Federal Bank Limited INE171A01029	Banks	0.76%
Yes Bank Limited INE528G01035	Banks	0.74%
Adani Power Limited INE814H01011	Power	0.73%
Mahindra & Mahindra Limited INE101A01026	Automobiles	0.71%
Persistent Systems Limited INE262H01013	IT - Software	0.71%
Titan Company Limited INE280A01028	Consumer Durables	0.71%
HCL Technologies Limited INE860A01027	IT - Software	0.69%
Maruti Suzuki India Limited INE585B01010	Automobiles	0.68%
Asian Paints Limited INE021A01026	Consumer Durables	0.68%
Lupin Limited INE326A01037	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.68%
HDFC ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY Limited INE127D01025	Capital Markets	0.65%
APL Apollo Tubes Limited INE702C01027	Industrial Products	0.65%
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited INE044A01036	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.64%
Aurobindo Pharma Limited INE406A01037	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.64%
CG Power and Industrial Solutions Limited INE067A01029	Electrical Equipment	0.63%
Tata Elxsi Limited INE670A01012	IT - Software	0.63%
Supreme Industries Limited INE195A01028	Industrial Products	0.63%
Bharat Forge Limited INE465A01025	Industrial Products	0.63%
Tata Motors Limited INE155A01022	Automobiles	0.60%
NTPC Limited INE733E01010	Power	0.60%
IDFC First Bank Limited INE092T01019	Banks	0.59%
Ashok Leyland Limited INE208A01029	Agricultural Commercial & Construction Vehicles	0.58%
Cummins India Limited INE298A01020	Industrial Products	0.57%
POLYCAB INDIA Limited INE455K01017	Industrial Products	0.54%
KPIT Technologies Limited INE04I401011	IT - Software	0.53%
FSN E-Commerce Ventures Limited INE388Y01029	Retailing	0.53%
Max Financial Services Limited INE180A01020	Insurance	0.52%
Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited INE256A01028	Entertainment	0.51%
Alkem Laboratories Limited INE540L01014	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.51%
Sundaram Finance Limited INE660A01013	Finance	0.51%
Astral Limited INE006I01046	Industrial Products	0.50%
UltraTech Cement Limited INE481G01011	Cement & Cement Products	0.50%
Tata Steel Limited INE081A01020	Ferrous Metals	0.50%
Sona BLW Precision Forgings Limited INE073K01018	Auto Components	0.50%
Page Industries Limited INE761H01022	Textiles & Apparels	0.49%
MRF Limited INE883A01011	Auto Components	0.49%
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited INE094A01015	Petroleum Products	0.49%
PB Fintech Limited INE417T01026	Financial Technology (Fintech)	0.48%
Phoenix Mills Limited INE211B01039	Realty	0.48%
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited INE257A01026	Electrical Equipment	0.48%
Jubilant Foodworks Limited INE797F01020	Leisure Services	0.47%
Godrej Properties Limited INE484J01027	Realty	0.47%
Container Corporation of India Limited INE111A01025	Transport Services	0.47%
Macrotech Developers Limited INE670K01029	Realty	0.47%
IndusInd Bank Limited INE095A01012	Banks	0.46%
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited INE752E01010	Power	0.46%
NMDC Limited INE584A01023	Minerals & Mining	0.45%
Balkrishna Industries Limited INE787D01026	Auto Components	0.45%
Dixon Technologies (India) Limited INE935N01020	Consumer Durables	0.45%
Fortis Healthcare Limited INE061F01013	Healthcare Services	0.44%
Bajaj Finserv Limited INE918I01026	Finance	0.44%
Tata Communications Limited INE151A01013	Telecom - Services	0.44%
MphasiS Limited INE356A01018	IT - Software	0.43%
One 97 Communications Limited INE982J01020	Financial Technology (Fintech)	0.43%
Nestle India Limited INE239A01016	Food Products	0.42%
Voltas Limited INE226A01021	Consumer Durables	0.41%
Union Bank of India INE692A01016	Banks	0.40%
Crompton Greaves Consumer Electricals Limited INE299U01018	Consumer Durables	0.40%
Dalmia Bharat Limited INE00R701025	Cement & Cement Products	0.38%
JSL STAINLESS LTD INE220G01021	Ferrous Metals	0.38%
Coal India Limited INE522F01014	Consumable Fuels	0.38%
Adani Enterprises Limited INE423A01024	Metals & Minerals Trading	0.38%
Tech Mahindra Limited INE669C01036	IT - Software	0.37%
Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited INE213A01029	Oil	0.37%
JSW Energy Limited INE121E01018	Power	0.37%
Bandhan Bank Limited INE545U01014	Banks	0.37%
Hindalco Industries Limited INE038A01020	Non - Ferrous Metals	0.37%
JSW Steel Limited INE019A01038	Ferrous Metals	0.36%
HDFC Life Insurance Company Limited INE795G01014	Insurance	0.36%
Grasim Industries Limited INE047A01021	Cement & Cement Products	0.36%
Oberoi Realty Limited INE093I01010	Realty	0.36%
Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Limited INE774D01024	Finance	0.36%
Torrent Power Limited INE813H01021	Power	0.36%
Dr. Reddys Laboratories Limited INE089A01023	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.34%
Solar Industries India Limited INE343H01029	Chemicals & Petrochemicals	0.34%
Bajaj Auto Limited INE917I01010	Automobiles	0.33%
IPCA Laboratories Limited INE571A01038	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.33%
Petronet LNG Limited INE347G01014	Gas	0.33%
ACC Limited INE012A01025	Cement & Cement Products	0.33%
Tata Chemicals Limited INE092A01019	Chemicals & Petrochemicals	0.33%
Laurus Labs Limited INE947Q01028	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.33%
Deepak Nitrite Limited INE288B01029	Chemicals & Petrochemicals	0.33%
LIC Housing Finance Limited INE115A01026	Finance	0.33%
GMR Infrastructure Limited INE776C01039	Transport Infrastructure	0.32%
NHPC Limited INE848E01016	Power	0.32%
Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited INE742F01042	Transport Infrastructure	0.32%
SBI Life Insurance Company Limited INE123W01016	Insurance	0.31%
AIA Engineering Limited INE212H01026	Industrial Products	0.31%
Apollo Tyres Limited INE438A01022	Auto Components	0.31%
Cipla Limited INE059A01026	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.31%
Prestige Estates Projects Limited INE811K01011	Realty	0.31%
Delhivery Ltd INE148O01028	Transport Services	0.31%
Coromandel International Limited INE169A01031	Fertilizers & Agrochemicals	0.30%
Indian Railway Finance Corporation Limited INE053F01010	Finance	0.30%
Indraprastha Gas Limited INE203G01027	Gas	0.30%
Trent Limited INE849A01020	Retailing	0.30%
Steel Authority of India Limited INE114A01011	Ferrous Metals	0.29%
Syngene International Limited INE398R01022	Healthcare Services	0.29%
Sundram Fasteners Limited INE387A01021	Auto Components	0.29%
Carborundum Universal Limited INE120A01034	Industrial Products	0.29%
L&T Technology Services Limited INE010V01017	IT - Services	0.29%
Avenue Supermarts Limited INE192R01011	Retailing	0.29%
Wipro Limited INE075A01022	IT - Software	0.28%
Navin Fluorine International Limited INE048G01026	Chemicals & Petrochemicals	0.28%
The Ramco Cements Limited INE331A01037	Cement & Cement Products	0.28%
Britannia Industries Limited INE216A01030	Food Products	0.28%
Tata Consumer Products Limited INE192A01025	Agricultural Food & other Products	0.28%
Abbott India Limited INE358A01014	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.28%
JK Cement Limited INE823G01014	Cement & Cement Products	0.27%
Shriram Finance Ltd INE721A01013	Finance	0.27%
Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited INE437A01024	Healthcare Services	0.27%
Gland Pharma Limited INE068V01023	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.27%
Linde India Limited INE473A01011	Chemicals & Petrochemicals	0.27%
Indus Towers Limited INE121J01017	Telecom - Services	0.26%
Eicher Motors Limited INE066A01021	Automobiles	0.26%
Aditya Birla Capital Limited INE674K01013	Finance	0.26%
United Breweries Limited INE686F01025	Beverages	0.26%
Zomato Limited INE758T01015	Retailing	0.26%
Poonawalla Fincorp Limited INE511C01022	Finance	0.25%
Minda Industries Ltd INE405E01023	Auto Components	0.25%
Bharat Electronics Limited INE263A01024	Aerospace & Defense	0.25%
Schaeffler India Limited INE513A01022	Auto Components	0.25%
Varun Beverages Limited INE200M01021	Beverages	0.25%
Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited INE09N301011	Chemicals & Petrochemicals	0.25%
LTIMindtree Ltd INE214T01019	IT - Software	0.25%
Kajaria Ceramics Limited INE217B01036	Consumer Durables	0.24%
Aarti Industries Limited INE769A01020	Chemicals & Petrochemicals	0.24%
L&T Finance Holdings Limited INE498L01015	Finance	0.24%
Piramal Enterprises Limited INE140A01024	Finance	0.24%
Hero MotoCorp Limited INE158A01026	Automobiles	0.24%
Oil India Limited INE274J01014	Oil	0.24%
SKF India Limited INE640A01023	Industrial Products	0.23%
Divi's Laboratories Limited INE361B01024	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.23%
Biocon Limited INE376G01013	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.23%
Atul Limited INE100A01010	Chemicals & Petrochemicals	0.23%
Escorts Kubota Limited INE042A01014	Agricultural Commercial & Construction Vehicles	0.23%
Bata India Limited INE176A01028	Consumer Durables	0.23%
Motherson Sumi Wiring India Limited INE0FS801015	Auto Components	0.23%
CRISIL Limited INE007A01025	Finance	0.23%
Vodafone Idea Limited INE669E01016	Telecom - Services	0.22%
Emami Limited INE548C01032	Personal Products	0.22%
Indian Bank INE562A01011	Banks	0.22%
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited INE066F01020	Aerospace & Defense	0.22%
Cholamandalam Investment and Finance Company Limited INE121A01024	Finance	0.21%
Grindwell Norton Limted INE536A01023	Industrial Products	0.21%
Dr. Lal Path Labs Limited INE600L01024	Healthcare Services	0.21%
Thermax Limited INE152A01029	Electrical Equipment	0.21%
Patanjali Foods Limited INE619A01035	Agricultural Food & other Products	0.21%
TVS Motor Company Limited INE494B01023	Automobiles	0.21%
Oracle Financial Services Software Limited INE881D01027	IT - Software	0.20%
Rail Vikas Nigam Limited INE415G01027	Construction	0.20%
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited INE029A01011	Petroleum Products	0.20%
Indian Oil Corporation Limited INE242A01010	Petroleum Products	0.20%
TIMKEN INDIA LTD INE325A01013	Industrial Products	0.20%
3M India Limited INE470A01017	Diversified	0.19%
Pidilite Industries Limited INE318A01026	Chemicals & Petrochemicals	0.19%
Ajanta Pharmaceuticals Limited INE031B01049	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.19%
DLF Limited INE271C01023	Realty	0.19%
Godrej Consumer Products Limited INE102D01028	Personal Products	0.18%
ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited INE765G01017	Insurance	0.18%
Tata Power Company Limited INE245A01021	Power	0.18%
Vedant Fashions Private Limited INE825V01034	Retailing	0.18%
Adani Green Energy Limited INE364U01010	Power	0.18%
Bank of Baroda INE028A01039	Banks	0.18%
Bank of India INE084A01016	Banks	0.18%
Honeywell Automation India Limited INE671A01010	Industrial Manufacturing	0.18%
Info Edge (India) Limited INE663F01024	Retailing	0.17%
GAIL (India) Limited INE129A01019	Gas	0.17%
General Insurance Corporation Of India INE481Y01014	Insurance	0.17%
Shree Cement Limited INE070A01015	Cement & Cement Products	0.17%
Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Limited INE647O01011	Retailing	0.17%
SRF Limited INE647A01010	Chemicals & Petrochemicals	0.17%
Hindustan Zinc Limited INE267A01025	Non - Ferrous Metals	0.17%
ZF Commercial Vehicle Control Systems India Limited INE342J01019	Auto Components	0.16%
Gujarat Gas Limited INE844O01030	Gas	0.16%
InterGlobe Aviation Limited INE646L01027	Transport Services	0.16%
K.P.R. Mill Limited INE930H01031	Textiles & Apparels	0.16%
Havells India Limited INE176B01034	Consumer Durables	0.16%
Siemens Limited INE003A01024	Electrical Equipment	0.16%
Ambuja Cements Limited INE079A01024	Cement & Cement Products	0.16%
Bajaj Holdings & Investments Limited INE118A01012	Finance	0.15%
Dabur India Limited INE016A01026	Personal Products	0.15%
Devyani International Limited INE872J01023	Leisure Services	0.15%
United Spirits Limited INE854D01024	Beverages	0.15%
Bayer Cropscience Limited INE462A01022	Fertilizers & Agrochemicals	0.15%
GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Limited INE159A01016	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.15%
PI Industries Litmited INE603J01030	Fertilizers & Agrochemicals	0.15%
Relaxo Footwears Limited INE131B01039	Consumer Durables	0.14%
Kansai Nerolac Paints Limited INE531A01024	Consumer Durables	0.14%
Colgate Palmolive (India) Limited INE259A01022	Personal Products	0.14%
Adani Energy Solutions Limited INE931S01010	Power	0.14%
UPL Limited INE628A01036	Fertilizers & Agrochemicals	0.14%
Marico Limited INE196A01026	Agricultural Food & other Products	0.14%
Pfizer Limited INE182A01018	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.13%
Vedanta Limited INE205A01025	Diversified Metals	0.13%
The New India Assurance Company Limited INE470Y01017	Insurance	0.13%
Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited INE249Z01012	Industrial Manufacturing	0.13%
Mankind Pharma Ltd INE634S01028	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.13%
Canara Bank INE476A01014	Banks	0.13%
Endurance Technologies Limited INE913H01037	Auto Components	0.13%
Star Health & Allied Insurance Limited INE575P01011	Insurance	0.13%
Sun TV Network Limited INE424H01027	Entertainment	0.12%
ICICI Securities Limited INE763G01038	Capital Markets	0.12%
Jindal Steel & Power Limited INE749A01030	Ferrous Metals	0.12%
Bharat Dynamics Limited INE171Z01018	Aerospace & Defense	0.12%
ABB India Limited INE117A01022	Electrical Equipment	0.11%
Punjab National Bank INE160A01022	Banks	0.11%
Sumitomo Chemical India Limited INE258G01013	Fertilizers & Agrochemicals	0.11%
Whirlpool of India Limited INE716A01013	Consumer Durables	0.11%
Tata Motors Limited IN9155A01020	Automobiles	0.11%
ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited INE726G01019	Insurance	0.11%
Samvardhana Motherson International Limited INE775A01035	Auto Components	0.11%
SBI Cards & Payment Services Limited INE018E01016	Finance	0.11%
Rajesh Exports Limited INE343B01030	Consumer Durables	0.10%
Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited INE335Y01020	Leisure Services	0.10%
FERTILIZERS & CHEMICALS TRAVANCORE LIMIT INE188A01015	Fertilizers & Agrochemicals	0.10%
Trident Limited INE064C01022	Textiles & Apparels	0.10%
Vinati Organics Limited INE410B01037	Chemicals & Petrochemicals	0.10%
Bank of Maharashtra INE457A01014	Banks	0.10%
Adani Gas Limited INE399L01023	Gas	0.09%
Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited INE685A01028	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.09%
Blue Dart Express Limited INE233B01017	Transport Services	0.09%
Godrej Industries Limited INE233A01035	Diversified	0.09%
Metro Brands Limited INE317I01021	Consumer Durables	0.09%
Bosch Limited INE323A01026	Auto Components	0.09%
Life Insurance Corp of India INE0J1Y01017	Insurance	0.08%
Procter & Gamble Hygiene and Health Care Limited INE179A01014	Personal Products	0.08%
Zydus Lifesciences Limited INE010B01027	Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology	0.08%
Berger Paints (I) Limited INE463A01038	Consumer Durables	0.08%
Muthoot Finance Limited INE414G01012	Finance	0.08%
Adani Wilmar Limited INE699H01024	Agricultural Food & other Products	0.03%

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Short positions 1

Holding	Sector / type	% of fund
Net Receivable / Payable	–	-2.95%

From the fund house's monthly portfolio (assets.zerodhafundhouse.com), as on 30 Nov 2023. Percentages are of the fund's net assets; short positions are negative. Published about ten days after each month ends.

Risk

Volatility15.2%yearly, from daily NAVs

Worst fall-18.73%27 Sept 2024 → 28 Feb 2025

RiskometerVery HighVery High

Volatility: how much the NAV moves, as a yearly figure (higher = bumpier). Worst fall: the biggest drop from a high, in the NAV history we hold (from 10 Nov 2023).

Where it can invest (limits from the scheme document)

Equities and equity related securities covered by Nifty LargeMidcap 250 Index

95–100%

The ranges the fund is allowed to hold, not what it holds today.

Fund details

Fund size (average AUM, July - September 2026)	₹1,570 cr across all plans
Fund house	Zerodha CASE Mutual Fund
Category	Index & ETFs · Index Funds (equity)
Plan	Regular
Option	Growth
Expense ratio (TER)	Direct 0.37% · Regular 0.00% (6 Nov 2026)
Minimum investment	Rs. 100. · additional Rs. 100.
Scheme code (AMFI)	152156
ISIN	INF0R8F01018
NAV date	6 Nov 2026

Scheme details from the fund's scheme summary document filed with AMFI; expense ratios from AMFI's daily filings.

Top Index Funds (equity) funds (regular plans)

Fund	1 year	3 years (a year)
ICICI Prudential NASDAQ 100 Index Fund	+10.81%	+25.41%
Motilal Oswal S&P 500 Index Fund	+15.40%	+23.79%
ICICI Prudential Nifty Pharma Index Fund	+24.89%	+22.67%
Edelweiss MSCI India Domestic & World Healthcare 45 Index Fund	+21.72%	+21.26%
ICICI Prudential Nifty Auto Index Fund	+5.20%	+20.60%
Motilal Oswal BSE Enhanced Value Index Fund	-0.92%	+20.10%
UTI Nifty 500 Value 50 Index Fund	+3.94%	+19.96%
Motilal Oswal BSE Enhanced Value Index Fund	-1.57%	+19.29%
Zerodha CASE Nifty LargeMidcap 250 Index Fund	+1.52%	–

All Index Funds (equity) funds ranked › · Compare with others ›

← All mutual funds

Information only, not investment advice.

What is the NAV of Zerodha CASE Nifty LargeMidcap 250 Index Fund - Regular Plan - Growth today?

₹14.4027 as of 6 Nov 2026, from AMFI's official NAV data.

What are the returns of Zerodha CASE Nifty LargeMidcap 250 Index Fund - Regular Plan - Growth?

1 year: 1.52%

How does Zerodha CASE Nifty LargeMidcap 250 Index Fund rank in its category?

187 of 376 Index Funds (equity) funds (regular plans, growth option) by 1-year return.

What is the difference between direct and regular plans?

Both invest in the same portfolio. Direct plans are bought straight from the fund house and pay no distributor commission, so their expenses are lower and their NAV grows slightly faster.